Abstract
Release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) is an essential step in cardiac excitation–contraction coupling. Excess Ca2+ release due to overactive RyR2 can cause arrhythmia that can lead to cardiac arrest. Fragments derived from the carboxy-terminal domain of human glutathione transferase M2 (GSTM2C) specifically inhibit RyR2 activity. Our aim was to further improve this inhibition by mutagenesis and to assess the therapeutic potential of GSTM2C based peptides to treat Ca2+ release-based arrhythmia. We generated several mutant variants of the C-terminal fragment GSTM2C H5-8 and from those mutant proteins we identified two (RM13 and SM2) that exhibited significantly greater inhibition of cardiac SR Ca2+ release and single RyR2 channel activity. Flow cytometry analysis showed that these two mutant proteins as well as GSTM2C H5-8 are taken up by isolated adult mouse cardiomyocytes without the aid of any additional compounds, Ca2+ imaging and isolated cell contraction measurements revealed that GSTM2C H5-8, SM2 and RM13 reduce the SR Ca2+ release rate and the fractional shortening of adult mouse cardiomyocytes, while importantly increasing the rate of Ca2+ removal from the sarcoplasm. These observations indicate that peptides derived from GSTM2C inhibit RyR2 at a cellular level and thus they may provide the basis for a novel therapeutic agent to treat arrhythmia and heart attack.
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