Abstract
Peroxides contaminating parenteral nutrition (PN) limit the use of methionine as a precursor of cysteine. Thus, PN causes a cysteine deficiency, characterized by low levels of glutathione, the main molecule used in peroxide detoxification, and limited growth in individuals receiving long-term PN compared to the average population. We hypothesize that glutathione supplementation in PN can be used as a pro-cysteine that improves glutathione levels and protein synthesis and reduces oxidative stress caused by PN. One-month-old guinea pigs (7–8 per group) were used to compare glutathione-enriched to a non-enriched PN, animals on enteral nutrition were used as a reference. PN: Dextrose, amino acids (Primene), lipid emulsion (Intralipid), multivitamins, electrolytes; five-day infusion. Glutathione (GSH, GSSG, redox potential) and the incorporation of radioactive leucine into the protein fraction (protein synthesis index) were measured in the blood, lungs, liver, and gastrocnemius muscle. Data were analysed by ANOVA; p < 0.05 was considered significant. The addition of glutathione to PN prevented the PN-induced oxidative stress in the lungs and muscles and supported protein synthesis in liver and muscles. The results potentially support the recommendation to add glutathione to the PN and demonstrate that glutathione could act as a biologically available cysteine precursor.
Highlights
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential for many patients with different gastrointestinal diseases.The causes are variable, ranging from intestinal insufficiency to the need for nutrition support in clinical conditions for which enteral nutrition is not indicated or limited [1]
As it was suggested to enrich parenteral nutrition (PN) with glutathione in order to prevent the development of chronic pulmonary complications in premature newborns [2], it remains relevant to explore, in a model of a growing animal receiving PN, the capacity of supplemented glutathione to prevent oxidative stress and improve protein synthesis in various organs
The study shows that the addition of GSSG in PN may be used to prevent oxidative stress induced
Summary
Parenteral nutrition (PN) is essential for many patients with different gastrointestinal diseases. In addition to its cofactor function for glutathione peroxidases, glutathione has been known for a long time to be a pool of cysteine for the body [12,13] This particular role of glutathione was demonstrated by enriching PN with glutathione [14], which prevented oxidative stress and alveoli loss in the lungs of newborn animals on PN [15]. As it was suggested to enrich PN with glutathione in order to prevent the development of chronic pulmonary complications in premature newborns [2], it remains relevant to explore, in a model of a growing animal receiving PN, the capacity of supplemented glutathione to prevent oxidative stress and improve protein synthesis in various organs. The results may lead to a subsequent clinical recommendation to supplement PN with glutathione as pro-cysteine
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