Glutathione S -transferase (M1 and T1) and angiotensin-converting enzyme gene polymorphisms and chronic kidney disease in Bangladeshi population

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem that affects a huge number of individuals and documented as a global public health problem. This study was conducted to uncover the association of gene polymorphism of Glutathione S -transferase M1 (GSTM1, rs366631), Glutathione S -transferase T1 (GSTT1, rs17856199), Angiotensin converting enzyme- Insertion/Deletion (ACE-I/D, rs4646994), and Cytochrome P450 Family 11 Subfamily B Member 2 − 344 T/C (CYP11B2 − 344 T/C, rs1799998) with the risk of development of CKD in Bangladeshi population. Blood samples were drawn from 355 participants (175 CKD patients and 180 healthy controls) by an expert phlebotomist. Different techniques like allele-specific multiplex PCR (Polymerase chain reaction), allele-specific PCR, and PCR-RFLP (Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism) were used for the genetic polymorphism analysis. Significant associations were evident for GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 2.45; 95% CI = 1.56–3.82; p < 0.001), combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotype (OR = 4.16; 95% CI = 1.99–8.64; p < 0.001) and homozygous mutant variant (DD) of ACE- I/D gene (OR = 4.60; 95% CI = 1.77–12.00; p < 0.01). Homozygous mutant variant (DD) of ACE- I/D polymorphism was found to be more prevalent in the male CKD subjects. It is apparent from our findings that the null genotype of GSTT1, combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotype, and homozygous mutant variant (DD) of ACE- I/D could be associated with CKD susceptibility.