Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), considered one of the most common metabolic disorders, has dramatically increased and resulted in higher rates of morbidity and mortality around the world in the past decade. It is well known that insulin resistance in target tissues and a deficiency in insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the main characteristics of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was the bio-evaluation of compounds isolated from three selected plant species: namely, Salvia africana-lutea, Leonotis ocymifolia, and Plectranthus madagascariensis, for their glucose-uptake ability. Methanolic extracts were produced from the aerial parts of each plant. Compounds were identified using different spectroscopic techniques. The glucose-uptake ability of each compound was then evaluated in mammalian cells using 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. The cytotoxicity of each compound was established via the MTT assay. Chromatographic purification of the three plant species yielded sixteen pure terpenoids. Compounds 1 (p = 0.0031), 8 (p = 0.0053), and 6 (p = 0.0086) showed a marked increase in glucose uptake, respectively. Additionally, 1, 4, and 6 exhibited cytotoxicity toward mammalian tissue with a decrease in cell viability of ~70%, ~68%, and ~67%, respectively. The results suggested that several compounds demonstrated a marked increase in glucose uptake, while two of the compounds exhibited signs of cytotoxicity. It may, therefore, be suggested that these compounds be considered as potential candidates for novel plant-derived alternative therapies in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders with high rates of morbidity and mortality around the world [1]
The present study primarily examines the glucose-uptake activity as well as the cytotoxicity of different phytochemical constituents isolated from three different plant species of Lamiaceae family: S. africana-lutea, P. madagascariensis, and L. ocymifolia
Plectranthus madagascariensis has been reported to be an effective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase compounds in themetabolites treatment of diabetes mellitus and a promising source of secondary with significant alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered as one of the most common metabolic disorders with high rates of morbidity and mortality around the world [1]. Selected species from the Lamiaceae family have long been used to treat a plethora of ailments These include Leonotis ocymifolia, traditionally used in Ethiopia for the treatment of diabetes [9]; Plectranthus madagascariensis, used for scabies and small wounds as well as in the treatment of colds, asthma, cough, and chest complaints [10], reported to be an effective inhibitor of alpha-glucosidase [11], and Salvia africana-lutea, which is traditionally used for the treatment of different kinds of ailments and/or diseases, such as coughs, sexual debility, mental, and nervous conditions, throat inflammation, chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis, influenza, stomach-ache, diarrhea, and urticaria [12]. Oleanolic acid (7) and its derivatives have been reported to up-regulate the expression of GLUT4, which increases the glucose-uptake activity in adipose and muscle cell lines [14,15].
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