Abstract
Glucose is a basic nutrient in most of the creatures; its transport through biological membranes is an absolute requirement of life. This role is fulfilled by glucose transporters, mediating the transport of glucose by facilitated diffusion or by secondary active transport. GLUT (glucose transporter) or SLC2A (Solute carrier 2A) families represent the main glucose transporters in mammalian cells, originally described as plasma membrane transporters. Glucose transport through intracellular membranes has not been elucidated yet; however, glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles. The glucose-6-phosphatase system catalyzing the last common step of gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis generates glucose within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. Posttranslational processing of the oligosaccharide moiety of glycoproteins also results in intraluminal glucose formation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. Autophagic degradation of polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids leads to glucose accumulation in lysosomes. Despite the obvious necessity, the mechanism of glucose transport and the molecular nature of mediating proteins in the endomembranes have been hardly elucidated for the last few years. However, recent studies revealed the intracellular localization and functional features of some glucose transporters; the aim of the present paper was to summarize the collected knowledge.
Highlights
The continuous supply of energy is an absolute requirement for maintaining metabolism, homeostasis, cell growth, and development
Recent advances in the field of the compartmentalization of intermediary metabolism revealed that glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles, which necessitates the presence of glucose transporters in endomembranes
Subcellular sugar transport processes have not been in focus of interest before, several well-known intraluminal reactions lead to the formation of glucose
Summary
The continuous supply of energy is an absolute requirement for maintaining metabolism, homeostasis, cell growth, and development. Glucose plays an essential role as an energy source in most of the organisms; how it passes through biological membranes is a fundamental question in biology. This process is achieved by facilitated diffusion or secondary active transport mediated by glucose transporters, a wide variety of membrane proteins [1]. Recent advances in the field of the compartmentalization of intermediary metabolism revealed that glucose is formed in the lumen of various organelles, which necessitates the presence of glucose transporters in endomembranes. Even though the aforementioned processes undoubtedly require glucose transport through the membranes of intracellular organelles, the mechanism and identity of such mediating proteins have been hardly elucidated for the last few years. The intracellular localization and functional characteristics of some glucose transporters have been recently described; the aim of this review was to collect the progress made in the field
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
