Abstract
In the present research, a new biocompatible electrode is proposed as a rapid and direct glucose biosensing technique that improves on the deficiencies of fast clinical devices in laboratory investigations. Nano-ZnO (nanostructured zinc oxide) was sputtered by reactive direct current magnetron sputtering system on a precovered fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) conductive layer. Spin-coated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) at optimized instrumental deposition conditions was applied to prepare the effective medium for glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) covalent immobilization through cyanuric chloride (GOx/nano-ZnO/PVA/FTO). The electrochemical behavior of glucose on the fabricated GOx/nano-ZnO/PVA/FTO biosensor was investigated by I-V techniques. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were applied to assess the morphology of the modified electrode surface. The I-V results indicated good sensitivity for glucose detection (0.041 mA per mM) within 0.2–20 mM and the limit of detection was 2.0 μM. We believe that such biodevices have good potential for tracing a number of biocompounds in biological fluids along with excellent accuracy, selectivity, and precise analysis. The fast response time of the fabricated GOx/nano-ZnO/PVA/FTO biosensor (less than 3 s) could allow most types of real-time analysis.
Highlights
During recent decades, the determination of blood glucose level has become essential and routine because of the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases
We develop a powerful glucose biosensor using a covalent immobilization strategy of glucose oxidase (GOx) on a zinc oxide (ZnO)–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite film that enhances enzyme stability and the biological activity of the biomolecule
The surface modification and engineering of the GOx/nanoZnO/PVA/fluorinated tin oxide (FTO) electrode is shown in Scheme 1
Summary
The determination of blood glucose level has become essential and routine because of the rapid increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated diseases. Among the most successful and reliable diagnostic devices are the glucose electrochemical biosensors that determine the glucose blood level based on glucose oxidase (GOx) using amperometric, impedimetric, conductometric, and potentiometric techniques. Both a steady platform for enzyme immobilization and electroanalytical characterization of the fabricated sensor can guarantee the accuracy of the glucose level investigation (Miwa et al, 1994; Morikawa et al, 2002; Li et al, 2008; Wang et al, 2008; Bollella et al, 2017). Modification of FTO by GOx and the nano-ZnO/PVA composite
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