Glucose or Sucrose Intakes and Plasma Levels of Essential and Nonessential Amino Acids

Yukie Ishii,Tetsuya Takao,Akikazu Takada,Mutsumi Ogawa,Fumiko Shimizu

doi:10.5772/intechopen.92257

Abstract

It is not known whether the administration of glucose or sucrose influences plasma levels of amino acids. We want to know whether plasma levels of amino acids and if the administration of glucose or sucrose are different in young and old men and are influenced by the administration of glucose or sucrose. We found that the levels of most amino acids in plasma are lower in old men than young men. When sucrose was administered to old men, levels of total amino acids decreased significantly in old men. In both old and young men plasma levels of total nonessential amino acids significantly decreased at 120 min. after the administration of glucose but not sucrose. On the other hand, total essential and branched amino acids levels decreased significantly after the administration of both glucose and sucrose in young and old men. From these results, responses to the administration of glucose were different from the response to sucrose between young and old men. Also glucose was more effective in decreasing plasma levels of various amino acids. These results seem to suggest that glucose was more effective in stimulating insulin release and young men were more responsive to sugar than old men in stimulating insulin release.

Highlights

Carbohydrate intake was shown to decrease plasma levels of free amino acids and glucose intake resulted in a decrease in large neutral amino acids such as methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan [20, 21]
Plasma levels of nonessential amino acids were higher in old men than young men
No differences were shown in plasma levels of total amino acids, and total essential and branched amino acids between young and old men

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of obesity nearly tripled between 1975 and 2016 (the World Health Organization) [1]. Robert Atkins first proposed that intakes of meat may result decrease of fat, prevent obesity He died by a serious head injury when he toppled down [12], the impaired muscle functions has been suspected for the results of low carbohydrate diet. It is shown that intake of carbohydrate resulted in secretion of insulin, which increased plasma levels of tryptophan and lowered the plasma levels of competing amino acids such as branched neutral amino acids in rats [19]. Carbohydrate intake was shown to decrease plasma levels of free amino acids and glucose intake resulted in a decrease in large neutral amino acids such as methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan [20, 21]. Plasma glucose and insulin may stimulate transporters of some amino acids of peripheral tissues, especially muscles, resulting in decrease in the concentration of such amino acids in plasma.

Methods

Ethics

Statistics

Measurements of plasma levels of amino acids in old and young men

The administration of glucose or sucrose in young and old men

Discussion

Sensing of amino acids in the central nervous system