Abstract
The main challenge in managing type 1 diabetes mellitus is to achieve the glycaemic targets, especially when top-level athletes are involved. The present paper aims at identifying the daily continuous glycaemic oscillations that occur on a regular basis during rhythmic gymnastics training sessions. This is a case report of a 12-year-old junior rhythmic gymnast diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus, with 6 years of experience in sport. Her glycaemic records were available for analysis through the FreeStyle Libre glucose monitoring sensor. The investigation took place in Bucharest between March 30 and April 26, 2021. During this time, the gymnast attended training sessions, provided that her glycaemic values allowed her to perform physical exercise. Data resulting from the LibreView specific software were correlated with the exercise parameters. From the diabetes management standpoint, it was emphasised the distribution of glycaemic values (in range, above and below the target zone) in bi-monthly and daily reports to identify the glucose profiles on training and non-training days. Depending on glycaemic oscillations, the coach adjusted in real time the training load for the athlete so that hypo- and hyperglycaemic episodes are avoided. Glucose monitoring could safely establish risk-free time intervals for both health and training purposes.
Highlights
Managing juvenile Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has been an international research topic due to its increased incidence and repercussions upon public health
Diagnosed on the basis of blood sugar measurements and specific symptoms such as impaired state of health, weight loss, polydipsia or polyuria, T1DM is an autoimmune condition of uncertain aetiology, requiring lifelong insulin therapy, glucose monitoring, nutritional education, physical exercise and psycho-social care (Ziegler & Neu, 2018)
Most of the days included in the report exhibited hyperglycaemia values and insufficient time spent in the range, namely almost 22% of the total period compared to the guideline reference, which is 70% (Battelino et al, 2019)
Summary
Managing juvenile Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has been an international research topic due to its increased incidence and repercussions upon public health. Worldwide estimates reveal that more than 98,000 children under 15 years are diagnosed every year with T1DM. Diagnosed on the basis of blood sugar measurements and specific symptoms such as impaired state of health, weight loss, polydipsia or polyuria, T1DM is an autoimmune condition of uncertain aetiology, requiring lifelong insulin therapy, glucose monitoring, nutritional education, physical exercise and psycho-social care (Ziegler & Neu, 2018). The autoimmune character of this disease is proven by the specific auto-antibodies that attack the islet cells, producing their destruction (Atkinson & Eisenbarth, 2001). This autoimmune dysfunction has the potential to produce other organ-specific or nonspecific autoimmune diseases such as thyroid, celiac and gastric conditions (Kakleas et al, 2015)
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