Glucose-Induced Biofilm Formation in Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1 is Associated with Increased Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and Increased Production of Exopolymeric Substances.

Sushmita Jha,Tapas K Sengupta,Abhinash Kumar,Nirbhay K Bhadani

doi:10.1007/s00284-021-02699-z

Sushmita Jha, Tapas K Sengupta + Show 2 more

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https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-021-02699-z

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Abstract

Bacillus thuringiensis is an agriculturally and medically important bacteria as it produces insecticidal Cry proteins and can form biofilm on different plant surfaces. Previous studies reported that the ubiquitous carbon source glucose could induce restricted motility and fractal pattern formation in the growing colonies of pH, salt and arsenate tolerant Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1. As bacteria are evolved with the ability to exhibit multicellular behavior and biofilm formation under limiting conditions for survival, the present study was focused on exploring the effect of glucose in biofilm formation by Bacillus thuringiensis KPWP1. A significant rise in biofilm loads was observed with increased glucose concentrations in growth media. Compared to control, six times more biofilm load was marked in presence of 2% of glucose. Interestingly, it was observed that the effect was glucose specific and also not due to any change in the sugar-induced physicochemical property of the growth media as the addition of galactose or arabinose could not induce any significant increase in KPWP1 biofilm load. Scanning electron-, confocal laser scanning-microscopic studies and biochemical tests revealed that increased concentrations of glucose could induce increased production of exopolymeric substances, increased number of densely-packed micro-colonies in KPWP1 biofilm and increased hydrophobicity and adherence properties in KPWP1cells.

Highlights

Thousands of years ago, human beings adapted a survival strategy to stay in communities, especially communities inclusive of people with one-of-a-kind abilities
Planktonic cell growth of KPWP1 in presence of glucose was monitored by measuring the turbidity (A600) by using UV- visible spectrometer. 1.33- and 1.35-fold increase in the growth of the planktonic cells was observed in case of glucose supplemented media with 1 % and 2 % of glucose with respect to control, no significant difference in planktonic growth was observed between media containing different glucose percentage (Fig. 1A)
The results indicate that KPWP1 was able to form better biofilm in presence of glucose

Summary

Introduction

Human beings adapted a survival strategy to stay in communities, especially communities inclusive of people with one-of-a-kind abilities. They realized that a community is far more likely to continue to exist through the department of hard work– one makes food, other gathers source, any other protects the community towards invaders (Johnson LR et al.2008; Verplaetse et al.2015; Verplaetse et al.2017). Majority of microorganisms have the potency to construct biofilm on a wide range of surfaces including biotic and abiotic surfaces (Verplaetse et al.2015) by producing the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) (Jamal et al.2015; Verplaetse et al.2015). The EPS fill in between the shape of the biofilm constituents

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