Abstract
The conversion of glucose in a non-aqueous solvent has been suggested as a means of mitigating the undesired formation of humins. To this end, the use of gamma-valerolactone (GVL) as a solvent for glucose conversion was studied. Since glucose does not dissolve in GVL, it was first esterified with formic acid to produce GVL-soluble glucose formates. The initial rate of glucose formate consumption in GVL using phosphoric acid as the catalyst is greater than the rate of aqueous conversion of glucose using sulfuric acid, but the products are predominantly oligomers of glucose. Only minor amounts of HMF, furfural levulinic acid and anhydro-glucose are formed. Humins begin to form after 60% of the glucose formate has been converted.
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