Glucose and Hydrogen Peroxide Concentration Measurement using 1D Defective Phononic Crystal Sensor

Abstract

The most of the present biosensors are concentrated on the electrochemical techniques. Here, a novel one-dimensional phononic crystal (1D PnCs) sensor, which is adequate for sensing biomaterials and solutions with the smallest difference in their acoustic properties, is developed. The sensor idea is particularly involved in measuring glucose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations based on the resonant mode frequencies. We have used the transfer matrix method (TMM) to obtain the transmittance spectra of glucose/H2O2 1D PnC sensor. The sensor structure is a defective 1D PnC design with a defect layer in the middle of alternating layers of glass and water. The sensor employed specific windows (transmitted peaks or resonant modes) for different concentrations of glucose and H2O2. The performance parameters and resonant peak frequency are calculated for the two solutions at very low and high concentrations of analytes. The sensor showed a high sensing performance for both glucose and H2O2 concentrations. We obtained high sensitivity (S), quality factor ( $$Q),$$ and figure of merit ( $$\mathrm{FOM}$$ ) values for both glucose and H2O2. The estimated values of S, $$Q$$ , and $$\mathrm{FOM}$$ for glucose (at concentration of 0.2%) are 100,000 Hz, 4867, and 1002, respectively. Similarly, the values of S, $$Q$$ , and $$\mathrm{FOM}$$ for H2O2 (at concentration of 0.2%) are 60,000 Hz, 4866, and 601, respectively. These results conclude that 1D PnC sensor is excellent choice for the detection of glucose and H2O2 owing to its sensitivity, performance, resolution, efficiency, and ease of fabrication at low cost. Moreover, without using a specific catalytic effect to produce glucose oxidase, the proposed sensor can successfully be utilized for the determination of glucose concentrations in the blood. On top of that, the sensor structure is stable under temperature variations due to the high stability of the acoustic properties of the constituent materials.