Abstract

Algorithms for general CF parsing, e.g., Earley’s algorithm (Earley, 1968) and the Cocke-Younger-Kasami algorithm (Younger, 1967), are necessarily less efficient than algorithms for restricted CF parsing, e.g., the LL, operator precedence, and LR algorithms (Aho and Ullman, 1972), because they must simulate a multi-path, nondeterministic pass over their inputs using some form of search, typically, goal-driven. While many of the general algorithms can be shown to theoretically perform as well as the restricted algorithms on a large subclass of CF grammars, due to the inefficiency of goal expansion the general algorithms have not been widely used as practical parsers for programming languages.

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