Abstract
Eutrophication is an emerging global issue associated with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading. The impacts and extent of eutrophication are often limited to regions with dedicated monitoring programmes. Here we introduce the first global and Google Earth Engine-based interactive assessment tool of coastal eutrophication potential (CEP). The tool evaluates trends in satellite-derived chlorophyll-a (CHL) to devise a global map of CEP. Our analyses suggest that, globally, coastal waters (depth ≤200 m) covering ∼1.15 million km2 are eutrophic potential. Also, waters associated with CHL increasing trends—eutrophication potential—are twofold higher than those showing signs of recovery. The tool effectively identified areas of known eutrophication with severe symptoms, like dead zones, as well as those with limited to no information of the eutrophication. Our tool introduces the prospect for a consistent global assessment of eutrophication trends with major implications for monitoring Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the application of Earth Observations in support of SDGs.
Highlights
Eutrophication is an emerging global issue associated with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading
For instance, is known to stimulate phytoplankton productivity. While this growth of phytoplankton can initially be beneficial to the ecosystem, continuous accumulation of organic matter can lead to eutrophication of the system with a series of undesirable ecological effects that can be harmful to humans
Defined as the increase in the rate of organic matter supply to water bodies[3] the definition of eutrophication has been expanded to meet both scientific and legal requirements[4]. This cultural eutrophication associated with excessive or disproportionate nutrient loading is known for its modifications of nutrient levels and structures including a selective magnification of nitrogen and phosphorus supply but a reduction of silica[5]
Summary
Eutrophication is an emerging global issue associated with increasing anthropogenic nutrient loading. To assess coastal eutrophication trends globally, both levels and trends of satellite derived CHL are essential.
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