Global Well-Posedness and Exponential Stability of 3D Navier–Stokes Equations with Density-Dependent Viscosity and Vacuum in Unbounded Domains

Abstract

We consider the global existence and large-time asymptotic behavior of strong solutions to the Cauchy problem of the three-dimensional (3D) nonhomogeneous incompressible Navier–Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity and vacuum. After establishing some key a priori exponential decay-in-time rates of the strong solutions, we obtain both the global existence and exponential stability of strong solutions in the whole three-dimensional space, provided that the initial velocity is suitably small in some homogeneous Sobolev space which may be optimal compared with the case of homogeneous Navier-Stokes equations. Note that this result is proved without any smallness conditions on the initial density which contains vacuum and even has compact support.