Abstract
In the modern world, environmental issues are quite acute. Global environmental problems are also relevant for Russia today. It should be recognized that our country is one of the most polluted countries in the world, which negatively affects the quality of life and health of the population. The emergence of environmental problems is associated with the ever-growing man-made impact on the natural environment. Currently, about 55–60 million tons of solid municipal waste is generated in Russia every year, 90 % of which is sent to landfills and unauthorized landfills. The recycling rate in Russia is no more than 10 %, while in the European Union countries up to 100 % of household waste is processed. Europe has been implementing a targeted environmental policy for working with solid municipal waste for many years. Back in December 2005, the European Commission published a report on the development of a strategy for the prevention of waste generation and recycling. its goal is to reduce the negative impact on the environment associated with the disposal of household waste. Waste policies and targets established at the European Union level include minimum requirements for the management of certain types of waste. The subject of research in the article is the system of solid municipal waste management, waste management strategies. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the waste management system in the world and in Russia, analyze the features and prospects, and develop recommendations based on foreign experience. Research methodology: comparative and comparative analyses. The article presents analytical data that characterize the current situation, analyzes the forecast values of solid municipal waste generation and disposal in different regions of the world. A detailed analysis of the situation in Russia is given, conclusions on the current situation with regard to waste are given, and recommendations are made. Based on the analysis of statistical data that characterize the state of the solid municipal waste management system in the world and in Russia, conclusions were made about the problems of its development. One of the main reasons is the lack of attention on the part of state bodies, as well as the lack of funding for the implementation of state programs and the inefficient use of allocated funds. The analysis of foreign experience in waste management allowed us to develop recommendations for the application of management strategies. This article is part of the author's research in the field of choosing optimal strategies for managing the development of a "Smart city", including strategies for managing the disposal of solid municipal waste of the housing and communal complex. the author has analyzed and collected interesting material on this topical issue, and plans to publish a monograph.
Highlights
About 55–60 million tons of solid municipal waste is generated in Russia every year, 90 % of which is sent to landfills and unauthorized landfills
Back in December 2005, the European Commission published a report on the development of a strategy for the prevention of waste generation and recycling. its goal is to reduce the negative impact on the environment associated with the disposal of household waste
The purpose of the article is to study the current state of the waste management system in the world and in Russia, analyze the features and prospects, and develop recommendations based on foreign experience
Summary
Цели статьи – исследование текущего состояния системы обращения с отходами в мире и в России, анализ особенностей и перспектив, разработка рекомендаций с учетом зарубежного опыта. Результатам анализа статистических данных, характеризующих состояние системы обращения с твердыми коммунальными отходами в мире и в России, были сделаны выводы о проблемах ее развития. Ключевые слова: утилизация твёрдых коммунальных отходов; качество жизни и здоровье населения; экологическая безопасность; состав коммунальных отходов; использование ресурсов; жилищно-коммунальный комплекс; экономика и управление; стратегии управления отходами; экологическая политика. Такая политика муниципального управления отходами имеет значение для извлечения большей ценности из ресурсов при одновременном снижении нагрузки на окружающую среду и создании рабочих мест. Предотвращение этих отходов содержит значительный потенциал для снижения их воздействия на окружающую среду не только на этапах образования отходов, но и на протяжении всего жизненного цикла существования продуктов от их изготовления до утилизации остатков [1,2,3,4]. Проведенным международными экспертами по заказу Всемирного банка, в 2016 году в городах мира было произведено 2,01 миллиарда тонн твердых коммунальных отходов (ТКО), что в среднем составляет 0,74 килограмма на человека в день (рисунок 1)
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