Abstract
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasing challenge to public health. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies.Methods: Data of PD burden was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. Trends in the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) of PD were estimated using the annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) from 1990 to 2019. The EAPCs were calculated with ASR through a linear regression model.Results: The overall ASR of the incidence, prevalence, and YLDs of PD increased from 1990 to 2019, and their EAPCs were 0.61 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.65), 0.52 (95% CI: 0.43–0.61), and 0.53 (95% CI: 0.44–0.62). The largest number of PD patients was seen in the groups aged more than 65 years, and the percentage rapidly increased in the population aged more than 80 years. Upward trends in the ASR of PD were observed in most settings over the past 30 years. Incident trends of ASR increased pronouncedly in the United States of America and Norway, in which the respective EAPCs were 2.87 (95% CI: 2.35–3.38) and 2.14 (95% CI: 2.00–2.29). Additionally, the largest increasing trends for prevalence and YLDs were seen in Norway, with the respective EAPCs of 2.63 (95% CI: 2.43–2.83) and 2.61 (95% CI: 2.41–2.80). However, decreasing trends in PD appeared in about 30 countries, particularly Italy and the Republic of Moldova.Conclusions: Increasing trends in the burden of PD were observed globally, and in most regions and countries from 1990 to 2019. Our findings suggested that the control and management of PD should be strengthened, especially when considering the aging tendency of the population.
Highlights
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, which is characterized by progressive motor symptoms over time [1]
The overall age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 13.43/100,000 in 2019, and it increased with an annual average of 0.61% from 1990 to 2019 (EAPC = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.58–0.65) (Table 1 and Figure 1)
Increasing trends in the ASIR of PD occurred in all sociodemographic index (SDI) areas, the high SDI area (EAPC = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22–1.55)
Summary
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder (observed only less than Alzheimer’s disease), which is characterized by progressive motor symptoms over time [1]. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study reported that incident cases of PD were 1.02 million in 2017 [3]. There were 6.1 million PD patients reported in 2016 globally, and the age-standardized rate (ASR) of prevalence increased by 21.7% from 1990 to 2016 [4]. Years lived with disability (YLDs) is an index measuring the average lifespan of incident cases until rehabilitation or death, and the disability due to that status. Age-standardized rates of YLDs caused by PD increased pronouncedly at 8.9% from 1990 to 2007, and it increased 1.0% during 2007–2017 [3]. The rapid development of PD has placed a substantial burden on society, individuals, and health system [8,9,10]. Tracking the temporal trends of PD burden would inform health strategies
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