Global trends in motor vehicle pollution control: a 2011 update Part 3

Michael Walsh

doi:10.19206/ce-117083

Abstract

1. Internal Combustion Engine Technology and Applications of Biodiesel Fuel Sroka J. CrossRef

Highlights

As summarized above, technologies are in the market place or rapidly emerging which in combination with the clean fuels discussed can lower road vehicle emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and PM and other toxins to a very small fraction of those from uncontrolled vehicles per kilometer driven and the major challenge now is to get these technologies adopted around the world
The European and US standards and test procedures or some mixture of them have been adopted by many other countries
It is important to emphasize two important points: 1. Standards adopted by the US and the European Union (EU) will determine the types of technologies and pollution controls used on most light and heavy-duty vehicles around the entire world, so it is important that their standards are sufficiently stringent to address the environmental problems for which they are designed1), and 2

Summary

Stringent vehicle emissions standards

Technologies are in the market place or rapidly emerging which in combination with the clean fuels discussed can lower road vehicle emissions of CO, HC, NOx, and PM and other toxins to a very small fraction of those from uncontrolled vehicles per kilometer driven and the major challenge now is to get these technologies adopted around the world. With regard to Euro VI heavy-duty requirements, the European Commission issued a proposal in December 2007, which it intended to be approximately equivalent to the US 2010 limits (see Fig. 8). All new vehicles of existing models will have to demonstrate compliance with the limits from 1 January 2014 to obtain market approval This is nine months earlier than proposed by the European commission. Substantial progress is occurring in the rapidly industrializing countries such as China, India and Brazil. Even though tighter limits apply in some of the major cities, most heavy duty vehicles (with the exception of urban transit buses) are able to register and fuel outside the cities thereby being only required to meet the more lenient national standards. Even in Latin America where motorcycle sales are booming, new vehicle standards remain weak

Progress regarding transportation and global climate change

10. Strategies to reduce greenhouse gases and air pollution

Vehicle standards

11. Advanced vehicle technologies

Findings

12. Conclusions