Global trends in ischemic stroke burden attributable to high BMI.

Abstract

We aimed to assess the worldwide burden of ischemic stroke (IS) associated with high body mass index (BMI) using data from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. This study examined the impact of high BMI on IS-related age-standardized death rates (ASDR) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). Estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC) is estimated annual percentage change. Trends were assessed using EAPCs. Over the past 3 decades, there has been a declining trend in the global burden of IS associated with high BMI, especially in Western Europe (EAPC = -3.09 for DALYs) and high-income Asia Pacific (EAPC = -4.6 for ASDR). However, certain developing regions, notably Southeast Asia, have experienced significant increases in ASDR (EAPC = 3.7) and age-standardized DALY rates (EAPC = 3.64). The most substantial increase in burden was observed in Southeast Asia for both males (EAPC = 3.85) and females (EAPC = 3.53). Importantly, the burden was most pronounced in regions with low to middle sociodemographic index. The rising disease burden linked to high BMI is largely due to insufficient medical infrastructure and ineffective public health policies in the region. Urgent action is needed from decision-makers to improve these areas and implement effective interventions. This study reveals a consistent global decline in IS related to high BMI, with a more significant burden observed in males under the age of 65, particularly in Southeast Asia, where increases in IS associated with high BMI are notable. Public health officials and global policymakers need timely and reliable quantitative data. This information is essential for implementing effective behavioral interventions, such as monitoring diet and physical activity, to address identified risk factors and reduce the burden of high BMI.