Global thermospheric mass density monitoring using LEO constellations: simulation and analysis

Abstract

Neutral thermospheric density is a crucial parameter for orbital tracking and upper atmosphere research. Here, we present a method to monitor global neutral thermospheric density testing simulations in various space environments with various satellite configurations and altitudes. The simulation results at 1o × 1o pixel resolution show that (1) within the range of 300-600 km orbital altitudes, the monitoring accuracy improves with the increase of the number of satellites, but this gain is significantly attenuated when the number of satellites increases to approximately 1,000; (2) the monitoring accuracy decreases with the increase of the altitude; and (3) the method presented in this study exhibits robustness under different space weather conditions. Furthermore, a differentiated satellite usage strategy (High Tightness and Low Looseness, HTLL) is developed to reduce the number of satellites used. Preliminary results indicate that the use of the HTLL method can reduce the number of satellites used from 2,592 to 1,044, whereas the maximum average relative deviation (ARD) does not exceed 1%. The methods presented in this study have potential for future applications in the development of thermosphere research and satellite tracking.