Abstract
This paper examines the role of supply-chain relationships for the transmission of corporate Environmental and Social (E&S) policies, and the resulting impact on real E&S outcomes and firm performance. I show that E&S policies propagate from customers to suppliers, especially when customers have higher bargaining power and suppliers are in countries with lower ESG standards. This transmission mechanism matters: suppliers subsequently reduce their toxic emissions, litigation and reputation risk decreases, and financial performance improves. I use staggered E&S regulation changes around the world to establish causality. Global supply-chains act as a transmission mechanism for regulatory requirements and standards across borders.
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