Global Risk Factor Evaluation of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in Relation to Research Activity and Socio-Economic Factors

Abstract

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) is emerging as global health epidemic and is facing a rising prevalence especially due to the obesity pandemic. However, comprehensive global prevalence data is still lacking, and global OSA research in terms of activity, quality, and socio-economic characters has not yet been elucidated. Methods: Using the NewQIS platform, bibliometric techniques were combined with socio-economic benchmarks, a global health estimate report (GATHER statement), and density-equalizing-mapping-projections (DEMP). Findings: OSA publications increased exponentially since 1990/91. The USA was identified as leading country and at the centre of the international OSA research arena. Generally, the countries’ OSA research performance correlated with their overall biomedical output and economic strength with the exception of China, India, and Russia. Countries of the Middle East appeared with the highest risk of OSA (objective multivariable apnoea risk index) while exhibiting only a very limited OSA performance. Analysis of the countries’ estimated population at risk of OSA (middleaged obese males) revealed a discrepancy between the countries’ estimated burden of disease and OSA research activity (awareness). Interpretations: Although observing a strong increase in the OSA activity over the years, a lack of awareness predominantly in developing countries was identified. Furthermore, our study presents discrepancies between the countries’ estimated OSA burden and OSA research performance not limited to low resource nations. Given the socioeconomic strain of OSA, strong efforts are needed to raise awareness, initiate prevention programs to reduce risk factors (obesity), and increase the availability of diagnostic tools and treatment, especially in developing countries. Funding Statement: None. Declaration of Interests: Dr. Groneberg has nothing to disclose. Doris Klingelhoefer has nothing to disclose. Rebekka K. Seeger-Zybok has nothing to disclose. Ethics Approval Statement: Not applicable.