Global Research Trends in Robotic Applications in Spinal Medicine: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis

Abstract

We systematically evaluated the global research trends in robotic application on the spine through bibliometric analysis and mapping knowledge domains. A systematic literature search was performed of the PubMed and Web of Science, including the Science Citation Index Expanded, databases. The number, countries, journals, and authors of the publications, total citations, average publication year, and institution sources were analyzed using Microsoft Excel, the Online Analysis Platform of Bibliometrics, and VOSviewer. The hotspots were analyzed and visualized using VOSviewer. We identified a total of 2135 publications. The United States ranked first in the number of publications (n= 824; 38.63%) and frequency of citations (n= 29,075). Northwestern University had the highest number of publications (n= 67) and Harvard University the highest number of citations (n= 4198). The Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation published the largest number of reports (n= 73), and the most frequently cited journal was Nature (n= 3844 citations). The research hotspots were divided into 3 categories analyzed by VOSviewer: rehabilitation, basic science, and surgery. According to the average publication year, the most recent hotspot was radiation exposure, and the earliest hotspot was radiosurgery. The number of studies of robotic application on the spine has continued to increase. The United States was the greatest contributor to robotic applications on the spine. Robot-assisted rehabilitation for neurological and orthopedic lesions is still a major research hotspot. The range of robotic applications on the spine has expanded from assisted rehabilitation to assisted rehabilitation and surgery.