Abstract
Background and aimsCancer will soon become the leading cause of death in every country in the twenty-first century. This study aimed to analyze the mortality and morbidity of 29 types of cancer in 204 countries or regions from 1990 to 2019 to guide global cancer prevention and control.MethodsDetailed information for 29 cancer groups was collected from the Global Burden of Disease Study in 2019. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR) of the 29 cancer groups were calculated based on sex, age, region, and country. In addition, separate analyses were performed for major cancer types.ResultsIn 2019, more than 10 million people died from cancer, which was approximately twice the number in 1990. Tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancers collectively showed the highest death rate, and the ASDR of pancreatic cancer increased by 24%, which was cancer with the highest case fatality rate (CFR). The global cancer ASIR showed an increasing trend, with testicular cancer, thyroid cancer, and malignant skin melanoma showing a significant increase. The ASDR and ASIR of cancer in males were about 1.5 times higher than that in females. Individuals over 50 years had the highest risk of developing cancer, with incidences and deaths in this age group accounting for more than 85% of cancers in all age groups. Asia has the heaviest cancer burden due to its high population density, with esophageal cancer in this region accounting for 53% of the total fatalities related to this type of cancer in the world. In addition, the mortality and morbidity of most cancers increased with the increase in the development or socio-demographic index (SDI) in the SDI regions based on the World Bank's Human Development Index (HDI), with cancer characteristics varying in the different countries globally.ConclusionsThe global cancer burden continues to increase, with substantial mortality and morbidity differences among the different regions, ages, countries, gender, and cancer types. Effective and locally tailored cancer prevention and control measures are essential in reducing the global cancer burden in the future.
Highlights
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, in 2019, cancer ranks as the first or second leading cause of death in 112 countries globally and third or fourth in another 23 countries [1]
Individuals over 50 years had the highest risk of developing cancer, with incidences and deaths in this age group accounting for more than 85% of cancers in all age groups
The mortality and morbidity of most cancers increased with the increase in the development or sociodemographic index (SDI) in the SDI regions based on the World Bank’s Human Development Index (HDI), with cancer characteristics varying in the different countries globally
Summary
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) statistics, in 2019, cancer ranks as the first or second leading cause of death in 112 countries globally and third or fourth in another 23 countries [1]. Due to population growth and aging, a significant downward trend of the main highrisk cancers has not been seen yet, and their burden has increased rapidly in some countries. This reflects the changes in the prevalence and distribution of main risk factors related to social and economic development [3, 4]. Cancer morbidity and mortality differences exist among regions and countries, mainly due to the difference in population risk factors caused by socialeconomic changes. This study aimed to analyze the mortality and morbidity of 29 types of cancer in 204 countries or regions from 1990 to 2019 to guide global cancer prevention and control
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