Abstract
SummaryBackgroundUnderstanding micronutrient deficiency burdens and trends can help guide effective intervention strategies. This study aims to elucidate trends in common micronutrient deficiencies, in particular, dietary iron, iodine and vitamin A deficiencies, from 1990 to 2019 using Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study data.MethodsWe analyzed data from the GBD 2019 study to calculate the prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates of micronutrient deficiencies in geographic populations worldwide from 1990 to 2019. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) and age-standardized rates were calculated to evaluate the temporal trends.FindingsGlobally, the age-standardized prevalence rates of iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and dietary iron deficiency decreased, with EAPCs of -0.690 (95% CI, -0.842 to -0.538), -3.15 (95% CI, -3.20 to -3.02), and -0.546 (95% CI, -0.585 to -0.507) between 1999 and 2019, respectively. Regarding the sociodemographic index (SDI), the highest age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates of micronutrient deficiency were found in low-SDI countries in 2019. There were linear associations between the SDI and the healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index and age-standardized prevalence, incidence, and DALY rates.InterpretationGlobal micronutrient deficiency burdens have decreased since 1990. The potential burden of iodine deficiency in some developed countries is worthy of attention. The results of this study could guide policy makers in implementing cost-effective interventions to reduce micronutrient deficiency burdens, particularly in low-SDI and low-HAQ index countries.FundingThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82000753) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2021MD703910).
Highlights
Micronutrient deficiencies are important contributors to the global burden of disease as contributors to increased rates of morbidity and mortality
We searched for the key words “micronutrient deficiency”, “iodine deficiency”, “vitamin A deficiency”, “iron deficiency”, “prevalence”, “incidence”, “disability-adjusted life year (DALY)”, and “epidemiology” in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science to identify studies and reports on micronutrient deficiency published in English through Feb 1, 2021
We reported the detailed burdens of micronutrient deficiencies, including iodine deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, and dietary iron deficiency, and their associations with sociodemographic index (SDI) and health access quality (HAQ) index
Summary
Micronutrient deficiencies are important contributors to the global burden of disease as contributors to increased rates of morbidity and mortality. An estimated one-third of people suffer from at least one form of micronutrient deficiency.[1] The 2020 Global Nutrition Report highlighted dramatic inequities in the burden of micronutrient deficiencies.[2] This burden exists worldwide and affects children and pregnant women. Common micronutrient deficiencies, including www.thelancet.com Vol 44 Month February, 2022. We searched for the key words “micronutrient deficiency”, “iodine deficiency”, “vitamin A deficiency”, “iron deficiency”, “prevalence”, “incidence”, “DALY”, and “epidemiology” in PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science to identify studies and reports on micronutrient deficiency published in English through Feb 1, 2021. Previous studies on micronutrient deficiencies have mainly focused on pregnant women and children. No study has provided detailed estimates of micronutrient deficiency prevalence, incidence, and DALYs in 204 countries and territories worldwide
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