Abstract
Abnormalities in mineral metabolism, soft tissue calcifications, and bone health are common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this scenario, osteoporosis is a highly prevalent skeletal disorder characterized by reduced bone strength predisposing patients to adverse health outcomes. We will summarize the evidence of the prevalence of osteoporosis in adults with CKD. Methods: We will perform a comprehensive literature search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, and LILACS databases, without date or language restrictions from inception until January 2021. We will include cross-sectional, case–control, or cohort studies that report prevalence data of osteoporosis in adults aged ≥18 years with CKD in stages 3a–5, including those receiving kidney replacement therapies. We will exclude conference abstracts and experimental studies. The primary outcome will be the prevalence of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization criteria (T-score ≤ −2.5). Two independent reviewers will screen title and abstract, full-text review, critical appraisal of the quality of studies, risk of bias, heterogeneity, and data extraction. The quality of the included studies will be assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) appraisal checklist. The overall prevalence of the studies will be synthesized using random-effects meta-analysis. This systematic review will be reported according to the guidelines for Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies (MOOSE) and the JBI methodological guidance for systematic reviews of observational epidemiological studies. The qualitative and quantitative results will be synthesized and presented in tables, figures or graphs.
Highlights
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health [1]
Chronic Kidney Disease leads to systemic changes in mineral and bone disorders (MBD), a common and universal complication in the CKD population
Despite the high prevalence of osteoporosis in people with CKD, to our knowledge, there is a lack of published research summarizing the prevalence estimates of osteoporosis in this population at the global level
Summary
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as abnormalities of kidney structure or function, present for >3 months, with implications for health [1]. In 2017, the KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease—Mineral and Bone Disorder has recommended using DXA to assess osteoporotic fracture risk in people with CKD in stages G3–G5D with risk factors for osteoporosis [21]. Despite the high prevalence of osteoporosis in people with CKD, to our knowledge, there is a lack of published research summarizing the prevalence estimates of osteoporosis in this population at the global level These estimates serve as the basis for the development of preventative and management strategies, as well as providing useful data for health care planning decisions. To fill this gap in the knowledge, we will conduct a systematic review to identify the global prevalence of osteoporosis in adults with CKD
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