Abstract
Abstract: This chapter examines the complex geopolitical dynamics and resource conflicts shaping global power struggles in the 21st century. It explores how competition for critical resources such as oil, gas, water, and strategic minerals is driving tensions between major powers and emerging economies. The chapter analyzes the role of energy security, water scarcity, and the competition for rare earth elements in influencing global alliances, regional conflicts, and economic dependencies. Case studies on the Russia-Ukraine conflict, water disputes in the Nile Basin, and China’s dominance in rare earth minerals provide insights into how resource scarcity exacerbates geopolitical rivalries. The chapter also addresses the rise of new alliances, such as BRICS, and their impact on global governance. In exploring pathways to resolving resource conflicts, the chapter emphasizes the need for international cooperation, sustainable resource management, and diplomatic mediation to prevent future conflicts and foster global stability. Keywords: geopolitical tensions, resource conflicts, energy security, water scarcity, rare earth elements, strategic minerals, emerging economies, global power dynamics, BRICS, Russia-Ukraine conflict, Nile water disputes, China, resource scarcity, international cooperation, global governance, sustainable resource management.
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