Abstract
Numerous national and international programs are seeking to develop global ocean observatories. Perhaps one of the most successful of the current programs is Argo, which grew from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). WOCE was originally formed as part of the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) sponsored, in turn, by the International Council for Science (ICSU). Ocean observatories have recently become a rich mixture of UN and G-8 governance structures and Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) participates in Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS) with similar organizations including the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), ICSU and the Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS). The national and international structures, characteristic of environmental observatories, present special challenges to scientific understanding and the detection of change. Keywords: GEOSS; Global Climate Observing System (GCOS); global ocean observatories; Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS); Global Terrestrial Observing System (GTOS); International Council for Science (ICSU); World Climate Research Program (WCRP); World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)
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