Abstract
Stomach cancer (SC) is the second leading cause of cancer death with the rate of 10.4% in the world. The correlation between the incidence and mortality rates of SC and human development index (HDI) has not been globally determined. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the association between the incidence and mortality rates of SC and HDI in various regions. In this global ecological study, we used the data about the incidence and mortality rate of SC and HDI from the global cancer project and the United Nations Development Programme database, respectively. In 2012, SCs were estimated to have affected a total of 951,594 individuals (crude rate: 13.5 per 100,000 individuals) with a male/female ratio of 1.97, and caused 723,073 deaths worldwide (crude rate: 10.2 per 100,000 individuals). There was a positive correlation between the HDI and both incidence (r=0.28, <0.05) and mortality rates of SC (r=0.13, P = 0.1) in the world in 2012. The high incidence and mortality rates of SC in countries with high and very high HDI is remarkable which should be the top priority of interventions for global health policymakers. In addition, health programs should be provided to reduce the burden of this disease in the regions with high incidence and mortality rates of SC.
Highlights
Cancer is known as a major problem in human societies, so that accounts for the highest mortality after cardiovascular disease
The results showed that Stomach cancer (SC) in the West Europe and Asian countries occurred frequently and the highest age-standardized incidence of SC has been reported in areas with high development indicators, which are consistent by the results of other studies that reported a high incidence of SC in developed countries than in developing ones (Youlden et al, 2008)
Both the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were almost half of crude incidence and mortality rates, which these results show the effect of age on the incidence and mortality rates
Summary
Cancer is known as a major problem in human societies, so that accounts for the highest mortality after cardiovascular disease. Stomach cancer (SC) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world; approximately 90% of SCs are adenocarcinoma with the high mortality rate. Studies have shown that the incidence and mortality of SC varies greatly from region to region (Jemal et al, 2010; Siegel et al, 2012), which can be indicative of the impact of lifestyle such as smoking, alcohol drinking, occupational and environmental exposures (Parkin et al, 2001) Other risk factors such as Helicobacter pylori (Uemura et al, 2001), blood group, age, sex, chronic gastritis have been reported (Stewart and Kleihues, 2003; Jemal et al, 2010; Siegel et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012).
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