Abstract
Abstract Politics and economics largely determine how scientific knowledge is applied to human health worldwide. Scientific and technological advances in wealthy countries made possible medical triumphs like smallpox eradication. The history of global health from colonial times raises important issues: who decides whether to treat health as a human right or as an investment in economic productivity, whether to organize national health services as “vertical” interventions against specific diseases or as “horizontal” services for all health needs, and whether member governments or financial backers are to determine World Health Organization priorities. The COVID-19 pandemic elicited enthusiastic international scientific collaboration but raised issues of vaccine nationalism. It illustrated the tension between national politics and global health, how health issues become entangled with big-power politics, and the difficulties in making policy, informing the public, and controlling misinformation while scientific understanding is unfolding. An annex answers scientific questions related to global health.
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