Abstract

There are fundamental limits on how much potentially available intermittent renewable energy can be consumed at a regional level in real time since generation and demand do not match on short time horizons, e.g. hour, day. Grid interconnectors allow real time wind and solar energy exchange between the over- and under-supplied areas. We assess the techno-economic feasibility of global interconnected power grid across continents, based on HVDC technology, to maximize the use of potentially available variable renewables. The analysis framework is based on a dynamic transmission and generation optimal expansion model with the objective to minimize capital and operational expenditures. Results highlight that in scenarios up to 2050, a construction of multiple high capacity transmission links between continents can be economically justified. The total system cost over the simulation period is reduced if the global grid is deployed compared to a case where each region tries to solve the energy transition in isolation.

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