Abstract
This study addresses the complexity of global pandemic (COVID) exposures and explores how sustainable development relates to economic and health risks and food security. Multiple factor analysis (MFA) is applied to compute the links among blocks of variables, and results are validated by random sampling with bootstrapping, exhaustive and split-half techniques, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test the differences of the MFA factors within the different stages of competitiveness. Comparing the MFA factors suggests that higher competitiveness is correlated with better food security and natural resilience and the tremendous economic downturn; the most competitive countries have lower exposures to health risks. In addition, the risk of pandemics appears to be lower with well-established public health care (HC) system services and good health for the population. The study also underlines that the economic and health systems are unfortunately inadequate to deal with a crisis of this magnitude. Although the countries least affected by the epidemic are the most competitive, they cannot protect people and the economy effectively. Formulating appropriate global responses is a challenge, but the results may lead to more nuanced findings regarding treatment policies that can be addressed at the country level.
Highlights
The latest SARS influenza pandemic in Wuhan, China, which became known in December 2019, broke out of Pandora’s box
The better is food security, the higher is the competitiveness, and greater is the risk of an economic downturn
An essential finding of multiple factor analysis (MFA) is that exposure to health risks and food insecurity is one of the lowest in the most competitive countries least affected by a pandemic
Summary
The latest SARS influenza pandemic in Wuhan, China, which became known in December 2019, broke out of Pandora’s box. COVID-19 has continued to spread around the world. Due to the infectivity of the disease, global transport has been limited and even restricted across countries and quarantines. Global trade difficulties caused significant distribution issues, and the loss of agricultural labour prevented continuous production resulted in food supply disruptions. Some sort of panic began to emerge in input-oriented and consumer-dependent companies, leading to more expensive food prices [1]. The food supply has declined due to increased uncertainty and market anomalies. Global financial markets responded to the changes, and stock indices began to decline, anticipating a protracted crisis [2]
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