Abstract
Transverse momentum spectra of identified particles produced in heavy-ion collisions at the Large Hadron Collider are described with relativistic fluid dynamics. We perform a systematic comparison of experimental data for pions, kaons and protons up to a transverse momentum of 3 GeV/c with calculations using the FluiduM code package to solve the evolution equations of fluid dynamics, the TrENTo model to describe the initial state and the FastReso code to take resonance decays into account. Using data in five centrality classes at the center-of-mass collision energy per nucleon pair sqrt{s_{mathrm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV, we determine systematically the most likely parameters of our theoretical model including the shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios, the initialization time, initial density and freeze-out temperature through a global search and quantify their posterior probability. This is facilitated by the very efficient numerical implementation of FluiduM and FastReso. Based on the most likely model parameters we present predictions for the transverse momentum spectra of multi-strange hadrons as well as identified particle spectra from Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt{s_{mathrm{NN}}} = 5.02 TeV.
Highlights
√ in five centrality classes at the center-of-mass collision energy per nucleon pair sNN = 2.76 TeV, we determine systematically the most likely parameters of our theoretical model including the shear and bulk viscosity to entropy ratios, the initialization time, initial density and freeze-out temperature through a global search and quantify their posterior probability
To solve the relativistic fluid equations of motion, we use the code package FluiduM [14]. It is based on the theoretical framework of relativistic fluid dynamics with mode expansion [24,25,26], where the fluid dynamic fields are decomposed in terms of a backgroundfluctuation splitting, similar to what is done for example in cosmology
(Note that for ensembles with random orientation in the transverse plane the right hand side is independent of φ.) We introduce here a normalization constant Normi for each centrality class i
Summary
To solve the relativistic fluid equations of motion, we use the code package FluiduM [14]. It is based on the theoretical framework of relativistic fluid dynamics with mode expansion [24,25,26], where the fluid dynamic fields are decomposed in terms of a backgroundfluctuation splitting, similar to what is done for example in cosmology. For the present paper we assume the shear viscosity to entropy ratio η/s to be independent of temperature. The bulk viscosity to entropy ratio ζ/s is taken to be temperature dependent, . We assume it to be of the Lorentzian form ζ/s = (ζ/s)max. For more details on the implementation we refer to [14]
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