Global experience in industry 4.0 and the prospects of its implementation in Ukraine

Abstract

The article analyzes the main models and trends in the development of Industry 4.0 of the top three global exporters, namely China, Germany, and the USA. It examines the German High-Tech Strategy, which became the first national concept to unite the main stakeholders in the field of innovation and technology around the common goal of development and expansion of the latest technologies, as well as the strategic initiative for the development of Germany’s digital transformation, Industry 4.0. The author reveals that rethinking the linear assembly line of traditional industrial manufacturing is the fundamental goal for German manufacturers on their way to transition to the so-called “smart manufacturing”. Peculiarities of mass education and implementation of Industry 4.0 practices and technologies in various branches of industry in China are studied. The article discusses the strategic initiative China Manufacturing 2025 aimed at strengthening the manufacturing capacity of the Chinese economy and other initiatives such as Internet+, Made in China 2025, and China Standards 2035 aimed at promoting China’s digital economy and standardizing advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), big data, etc. The implementation of Industry 4.0 in the USA, based on the prioritization of the strategic importance of industrial digitalization and a change in the paradigm of work of organizations, is outlined. At the same time, Industry 4.0 in the USA offers many new opportunities and advantages for enterprises that actively implement the achievements of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0 technology is crucial for overcoming supply chain disruptions caused by pandemics and geopolitical crises. Based on the experience of Germany, China, and the USA, recommendations for the implementation of Industry 4.0 in Ukraine are developed, in particular, the adoption of a national strategy for Industry 4.0, the implementation of an innovative policy for the development of science and technology and training of people and manufacturers, the creation of a strong diversified industrial base with comprehensive implementation of the latest Industry 4.0 technologies in production. It is expedient to determine what investments in physical infrastructure and human capacity are necessary, including training in new digital skills; key industries that need development support; the legal framework that needs to be changed to create mechanisms for effective implementation of the latest technologies by manufacturers. A network of Industry 4.0 expertise centers in Ukraine should be developed, technical standards should be harmonized, program documents regarding the digital transformation of certain industries should be developed and adopted, etc. The accumulated experience should be recorded in detail in relevant documents for the successful planning of the national strategy, as well as ensuring heredity in its implementation.