Abstract
Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Interspecies transmission of BDV between sheep, cattle, and pigs occurs regularly, sometimes making diagnosis a challenge. BDV can yield substantial economic losses, including prenatal and postnatal infections in lambs, which are the primary source of infection and maintenance of the virus in the population. Since BDV is antigenically and genetically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), it might pose a significant risk to cattle, influencing BVDV eradication campaigns. Similarly, the presence of BDV in swine herds due to pestivirus spillover between small ruminants and pigs might cause uncertainty in classical swine fever virus (CSFV) diagnostics. Therefore, knowledge of BDV epidemiology in different geographical regions will help prevent its spread and optimize control measures. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that various BDV genotypes are predominant in different countries. This review provides an overview of the spread of BDV world-wide in different host species.
Highlights
Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, 06126 Perugia, Italy; Abstract: Border disease virus (BDV) belongs to the genus Pestivirus of the family Flaviviridae
A fatal BDV epidemic occurred in chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica pyrenaica) causing a dramatic decrease in the chamois populations that threatened the species with extinction [7,8,9]
BDV belongs to the genus Pestivirus, family Flaviviridae, which comprises four major species, namely bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 (BVDV-1), type 2 (BVDV-2), classical swine fever virus (CSFV), and border disease virus (BDV), and a growing number of additional putative Pestivirus species from various domestic and wild animals
Summary
BDV is an enveloped virus with a spherical shape (40–60 nm), and its genome consists of a single-stranded, positive polarity RNA, composed of approximately 12,300 nucleotides. Pestiviruses were designated according to the host species, localization in specific tissues and organs, transmission route and symptoms of the disease, year of collection, and region of origin [72]. These criteria were not satisfactory because there is extensive cross-reactivity and interspecies transmission among pestiviruses [12]. To date, genotyping using 50 -UTR, Npro , and E2 sequences has provided consistent results to group isolates using phylogeny [12,15,45,74,75,76], and to define primers for identification and amplification of all pestiviruses by RT-PCR [77,78]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
