Abstract
Climate is a strong driver of global diversity and will become increasingly important as human influences drive temperature changes at unprecedented rates. Here we investigate diversification and speciation trends within a diverse group of aquatic crustaceans, the Anomura. We use a phylogenetic framework to demonstrate that speciation rate is correlated with global cooling across the entire tree, in contrast to previous studies. Additionally, we find that marine clades continue to show evidence of increased speciation rates with cooler global temperatures, while the single freshwater clade shows the opposite trend with speciation rates positively correlated to global warming. Our findings suggest that both global cooling and warming lead to diversification and that habitat plays a role in the responses of species to climate change. These results have important implications for our understanding of how extant biota respond to ongoing climate change and are of particular importance for conservation planning of marine ecosystems.
Highlights
Climate is a strong driver of global diversity and will become increasingly important as human influences drive temperature changes at unprecedented rates
Marine taxa show the same negative correlation, but the single freshwater clade shows the opposite relationship: increased speciation with warming. These results suggest that habitat plays a role in how speciation rates are affected by temperature changes, which in turn has implications for how we manage and conserve extant aquatic biota
Global cooling results in the lowering of sea level as seawater is sequestered into ice sheets[36]; this reduces shallow-shelf habitats causing habitat fragmentation and thereby increasing the potential for allopatric speciation
Summary
Climate is a strong driver of global diversity and will become increasingly important as human influences drive temperature changes at unprecedented rates. Our findings suggest that both global cooling and warming lead to diversification and that habitat plays a role in the responses of species to climate change. These results have important implications for our understanding of how extant biota respond to ongoing climate change and are of particular importance for conservation planning of marine ecosystems. Marine taxa show the same negative correlation, but the single freshwater clade shows the opposite relationship: increased speciation with warming These results suggest that habitat plays a role in how speciation rates are affected by temperature changes, which in turn has implications for how we manage and conserve extant aquatic biota
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