Global Consequences of Regional Connectivity Along the Antarctic Margin

Abstract

AbstractObservations and modeling studies indicate that ocean and cryosphere dynamics at the Antarctic margin are rapidly evolving and will continue to do so in the face of unabated climate warming. Despite occupying a minute fraction of the world ocean's volume, local dynamics in this region may play an outsized role in the evolving global climate system. Water masses transported along and across the continental shelf influence Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) stability, Dense Shelf Water (DSW) production, oceanic heat and carbon uptake, nutrient distributions, and ecosystems. Changes in these processes may feedback onto the global climate system with significant remote consequences, including accelerated global sea level rise. Recently, Dawson et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018962) combined results from a high‐resolution ocean‐sea ice model with offline Lagrangian particle tracking to constrain pathways and timescales of connectivity along the Antarctic margin. Their findings revealed widespread circumpolar connectivity, with waters able to circumnavigate Antarctica within two decades and reach neighboring shelf regions within 1–5 years. The results provide important context of timescales that anomalies from AIS mass loss or Circumpolar Deep Water intrusions may propagate downstream and feedback onto AIS stability or DSW formation. The authors highlight the importance of along‐slope and along‐shelf currents in setting connectivity timescales and pathways. Combined with other recent studies suggesting significant changes in Antarctic regional ocean circulation in response to warming, the findings of Dawson et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JC018962) suggest the Antarctic margin is likely to significantly evolve over the 21st century in ways we are just starting to unravel.