Abstract
Words are processed in both a global and local manner. Studies on global versus local processing styles in individuals with and without dyslexia are inconclusive. In the present study, we investigated whether distinct patterns of global/local visual processing were associated with more precisely defined dyslexia profiles. Previous studies on dyslexia provide evidence of accuracy- and rate-based subtypes, with impairment in one dimension alongside normal performance in the other. In the current study, three groups of adult readers: rate disability, accuracy disability, typical development, were presented with nonlinguistic global /local congruency task. The results revealed that the rate disability group had deficiencies performing the global task while the accuracy disability group had deficiencies in the local task. These results are discussed in the context of global/local word processing and in relation to dyslexia. Specifically, they suggest that different patterns of global/local processing are observed between different types of dyslexics, and imply that practitioners should modify their treatment based on the specific deficiency.
Highlights
Subtypes of DyslexiaDyslexia is a specific learning disability, neurobiological in origin, characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding (Lyon et al, 2003).Past hypotheses have opined that Dyslexia is underlined by a phonological deficit (Shankweiler and Liberman, 1989)
The accuracy disability group did not differ significantly from the control group in the magnitude of the congruency effect, p = 0.85. These results indicate that the rate disability group, as compared to the other two study groups, had greater difficulty ignoring automatic local interference in the global task
The current study was designed to assess the global and local processing styles of individuals with rate-specific and accuracyspecific subtypes of dyslexia. This was tested using traditional hierarchical stimuli, in which participants had to identify the global figure in the global task and the local figure in the local task
Summary
Subtypes of DyslexiaDyslexia is a specific learning disability, neurobiological in origin, characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding (Lyon et al, 2003).Past hypotheses have opined that Dyslexia is underlined by a phonological deficit (Shankweiler and Liberman, 1989). It has become clear that at least some aspects of phonological processing (such as phonological awareness) may be relatively unimpaired in some readers with disabilities (Wolf and Bowers, 1999; O’Brien et al, 2012), that is even evident in differences in neural processing of tones and phonemes (Lachmann et al, 2005), raising the possibility that multiple sources of reading disability exist (Ramus et al, 2003; Pennington, 2006) This notion of heterogeneity among individuals with dyslexia has set off various attempts to delineate subtypes of reading disability (e.g., Boder, 1970; Mattis et al, 1975; Lyon et al, 1982; Stanovich and Siegel, 1994; Fletcher et al, 1997; Morris et al, 1998). The dual-route model suggests that skilled readers have two separate cognitive reading procedures at their disposal: the lexical route, which is a dictionary lookup procedure, and the nonlexical or sublexical route, which is a letter-to-sound conversion rule procedure
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