Abstract
The detection and measurement of precipitation by radar has been pursued since its introduction as a meteorological tool. The main advantage of using radar for precipitation estimation is that measurements can be made over large areas, with either fairly high temporal and spatial resolution or extensive spatial coverage (about 10 000 km2 for ground-based radars and an order of magnitude more for space-based radars). To sample the area covered by a typical ground-based radar, substituting each radar spatial sample with a rain gauge, would require about a quarter-million gauges. Using a similar analogy to space radars, nearly one-half-million gauges would be required per orbit. Since the radar transmitter and receiver normally use the same antenna (monostatic operation), the measurements are sent to a central location at the speed of light by “natural wireless networks.” In addition, radars can provide fairly rapid updates of the three-dimensional structure of precipitation. Because of these advantages, radar measurements of precipitation have enjoyed widespread use for meteorological applications, independent of the accuracy or the type of algorithm used to derive precipitation estimates.
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