Abstract
SQUAMOSA-promoter binding like proteins (SBPs/SPLs) are plant specific transcription factors targeted by miR156 and involved in various biological pathways, playing multi-faceted developmental roles. This gene family is not well characterized in Brachypodium. We identified a total of 18 SBP genes in B.distachyon genome. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SBP gene family in Brachypodium expanded through large scale duplication. A total of 10 BdSBP genes were identified as targets of miR156. Transcript cleavage analysis of selected BdSBPs by miR156 confirmed their antagonistic connection. Alternative splicing was observed playing an important role in BdSBPs and miR156 interaction. Characterization of T-DNA Bdsbp9 mutant showed reduced plant growth and spike length, reflecting its involvement in the spike development. Expression of a majority of BdSBPs elevated during spikelet initiation. Specifically, BdSBP1 and BdSBP3 differentially expressed in response to vernalization. Differential transcript abundance of BdSBP1,BdSBP3,BdSBP8,BdSBP9,BdSBP14,BdSBP18 and BdSBP23 genes was observed during the spike development under high temperature. Co-expression network, protein–protein interaction and biological pathway analysis indicate that BdSBP genes mainly regulate transcription, hormone, RNA and transport pathways. Our work reveals the multi-layered control of SBP genes and demonstrates their association with spike development and temperature sensitivity in Brachypodium.
Highlights
SQUAMOSA-promoter binding like proteins (SBPs/SPLs) are plant specific transcription factors targeted by miR156 and involved in various biological pathways, playing multi-faceted developmental roles
The 18 BdSBP genes were located on all 5 chromosomes, with maximum number of BdSBP genes detected in chr 3 of B. distachyon (Table 1)
The number of SBP genes in Brachypodium were similar to the SBP genes in barley (17), B. luminifera (18), rice (19) and Arabidopsis (17), but was smaller in comparison to soybean (41), moso bamboo (32) and P. trichocarpa (28), suggesting that SBP genes were evolved in a species specific manner and underwent different gene duplication events
Summary
SQUAMOSA-promoter binding like proteins (SBPs/SPLs) are plant specific transcription factors targeted by miR156 and involved in various biological pathways, playing multi-faceted developmental roles This gene family is not well characterized in Brachypodium. SBP genes play key roles in various plant developmental pathways such as flowering time[14], vegetative to reproductive phase transition[15,16], plant a rchitecture[17,18,19], gibberellic acid biosynthesis[20,21], anthocyanin biosynthesis[22], and abiotic stresses[23,24] Another layer of gene regulation involves microRNAs (miRNAs), which are single-stranded non-coding RNA molecules of 20–22 nucleotides in length that bind to their complementary sequences present in the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of their target g enes[25,26]. MiR156/SPL4 module regulates aerial axillary bud formation; branching and biomass y ield[19]
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