Abstract
An eight-year-old, neutered, female, long-haired cat was presented with a three-week history of progressive lethargy, unlocalized pain in the cervical and lumbar spine, and unwillingness to move. An MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) of the brain revealed poorly circumscribed regions of non-contrast-enhancing heterogeneous T2 hyperintensity within the ventral forebrain and midbrain. A mass effect and evidence of increased intracranial pressure, including transtentorial herniation of the midbrain and herniation of the cerebellar vermis through the foramen magnum, were also observed. Due to progressive clinical decline and MRI results, the cat was humanely euthanized. Gross examination of the brain confirmed caudal transtentorial and foramen magnum herniation. The ventral aspect of the forebrain, midbrain, and brainstem were soft and had loss of detail, but lacked a grossly discernible mass. Histopathological examination found a poorly delineated neoplastic mass composed of hyperchromatic cells with indistinct cytoplasm, ovoid to elongate or curved nuclei, and indistinct nucleoli. The cells lacked immunoreactivity for Olig2, GFAP, Iba1, CD3, and Pax5. Based on the cellular morphology, immunolabeling characteristics, and anatomical location, a diagnosis of gliomatosis cerebri was made. Although uncommon, gliomatosis cerebri should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cats with central nervous system disease.
Highlights
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is an uncommon glial neoplasm, first reported by Nevin [1]
Sections of normal canine brain were used as positive controls for oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 (Olig2) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP); sections of normal canine lymph node were used as positive controls for ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), CD3, and paired box 5 (Pax5)
Gliomatosis cerebri was diagnosed in an eight-year-old, neutered, female, female, long-haired cat by magnetic resonance imaging, and histological and immunohistochemical long-haired cat cat by by magnetic magnetic resonance resonance imaging, imaging, and and histological histological and and immunohistochemical immunohistochemical long-haired examination
Summary
Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is an uncommon glial neoplasm, first reported by Nevin [1]. It is characterized by neoplastic glial cells that infiltrate the neuroparenchyma, a grossly discernible mass is often lacking [2]. Clonal analysis of gliomas has found that GC begins as an oligoclonal process or may result from collision gliomas. This differs from the monoclonality typically observed in low grade and malignant gliomas [5]. GC has been classified as either a miscellaneous type of tumor [6] or as a neuroepithelial neoplasm of unknown origin [7]
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