Abstract
Brain tumors are notoriously difficult to treat and are not all alike. Each subtype of tumor contains various mutations that may affect growth or resistance to certain treatments. Researchers have discovered that mutations in gliomas, the most common type of brain tumor, grant resistance to radiation therapy by activating the machinery inside tumor cells that repairs DNA damage. Blocking DNA repair with small molecules can render such tumors in mice vulnerable to radiation again (Sci. Transl. Med. 2019, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1427). About half of all gliomas have a mutation in the gene coding for isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1). When this mutation is paired with others that inactivate two other genes, ATRX and TP53, the result is a tumor that is hard to treat with radiation. A team led by Maria G. Castro and Pedro R. Lowenstein of the University of Michigan found that epigenetic changes in glioma cells caused by these
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