Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most common and detrimental forms of solid brain tumor, with over 10,000 new cases reported every year in the United States. Despite aggressive multimodal treatment approaches, the overall survival period is reported to be less than 15 months after diagnosis. A widely used approach for the treatment of glioblastoma is surgical removal of the tumor, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While there are several drugs available that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), significant efforts have been made in recent years to develop new chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of glioblastoma. This review describes the molecular targets and pathogenesis as well as the current progress in chemotherapeutic development and other novel therapies in the clinical setting for the treatment of glioblastoma.
Highlights
Gliomas refer to all forms of intra-axial tumors that originate from glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS)
A study reported the correction of phosphate and tensin homolog (PTEN) in glioblastoma using the adeno-associated virus-mediated gene that reduced the cellular proliferation in the glioblastoma cell lines, indicating that it could be a potential treatment for this disease [72]
Results from clinical trials demonstrate that the combination treatments of viral therapy with immunotherapy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy result in better patient outcomes
Summary
Gliomas refer to all forms of intra-axial tumors that originate from glial cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They include types of cells that share similar histological characteristics, such as astrocytomas (high-grade astrocytomas are denominated glioblastomas), brain stem gliomas, ependymomas, oligodendrogliomas, optic pathway gliomas, and mixed gliomas [3,4] This method of categorization helps to understand the histological features of gliomas; it does not provide information on the malignancy of a tumor. The updated CNS WHO further classified gliomas into grades (Grade I, II, III, and IV) based on pathological evaluation using molecular information on the malignancy level of the neoplasm This subcategorization is influential in clinical settings, as it can assist in determining the type of treatment(s) for patients. We review the current focus on therapeutic targets, how these targets are manipulated in chemotherapeutic development, and other novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of glioblastoma
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