Abstract
Passive acoustic detection of delphinid sounds using the Wave Glider (WG) autonomous near-surface vehicle was compared with a fixed bottom-mounted autonomous broadband system, the High-frequency Acoustic Recording Package (HARP). A group of whistling and clicking delphinids was tracked using an array of bottom-mounted HARPs, providing ground-truth for detections from the WG. Whistles in the 5–20 kHz band were readily detected by the bottom HARPs as the delphinids approached, but the WG revealed only a brief period with intense detections as the animals approached within ~500 m. Refraction due to acoustic propagation in the thermocline provides an explanation for why the WG may only detect whistling delphinids at close range relative to the long-range detection capabilities of the bottom-mounted HARPs. This work demonstrated that sound speed structure plays an important role in determining detection range for high-frequency-calling marine mammals by autonomous gliders and bottom-mounted sensors.
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