Glial microenvironment and repair in central nervous system injury

Abstract

Central nervous system （CNS） injury, including brain injury and spinal cord injury, has higher disability and mortality, Therefore, CNS injury repair has been a research emphasis and focus in the field of neuroscience, the limited neurons intrinsic regenerative capacity in adult mammalians is one of the reasons of regeneration difficulties after CNS injury. However, the more important reason is the formation of inhibitive glial microenvironment at the local lesion sites. This article reviews the roles of all types of cells, such as astrocyte, microglia, and oligodendroglia in glial microenvironment in CNS injury repair. Key words: Brain injuries; Spinal cord injuries; Neuroglia; Homeostasis; Astrocytes; Microglia; Oligodendroglia; Nerve regeneration; Neuronal plasticity; Neurons