Glechoma curviflora Volatile Oil from Palestine: Chemical Composition and Neuroprotective, Antimicrobial, and Cyclooxygenase Inhibitory Activities.

Nawaf Al-Maharik,Murad N Abualhasan,Nidal Jaradat,Mohammad Qneibi,Nour Emwas,Miguel Vilas-Boas

doi:10.1155/2020/4195272

Abstract

The rise of the emergence of microbial resistance of antibiotics, the dangerous side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and noncompetent medications of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases prompt scientists to search for phytochemicals that could be utilized in the remedy of lethal diseases. Glechoma curviflora (Boiss.) Kuntze (Nepeta curviflora) is a medicinal herb growing in the eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea Basin and is widely consumed as a tea. The leaves of this plant have been traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. The current research was designed to identify the chemical composition of Glechoma curviflora (Boiss.) essential oil (EO) and to assess its antibacterial, antifungal, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities and the biophysical gating effect on AMPA receptors. Twenty phytochemicals were identified from G. curviflora leaves and flowers EO amounting to almost 100% of the total constituents using GC-MS technique, of which 1,6-dimethylspiro[4.5]decane (27.51%) 1, caryophyllene oxide (20.08%) 2, and β-caryophyllene (18.28%) 3 were the main constituents. The biophysical properties' effect from the plant extract on various AMPA-type receptors expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) cells was assessed by exploiting the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Microdilution assay was adopted for assessing the antimicrobial property against eight virulent microbial strains whilst the cyclooxygenase inhibition effect was accomplished utilizing COX inhibitory screening colorimetric assay G. curviflora EO displayed potent activity against P. aeruginosa (MIC = 1.25 μg/mL), S. sonnei (MIC = 3.12 μg/mL), and E. coli (MIC = 1.25 μg/mL), compared with ciprofloxacin (positive control) and potent antibacterial activity against S. aureus, MRSA, S. sonnei, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa compared to Ampicillin (2nd positive control). It also showed anti-Candida (MIC = 6.25 μg/mL) and antimold (MIC = 3.125 μg/mL) activities compared with fluconazole (antifungal positive control). Likewise, our results showed an inhibition and biophysical impact of G. curviflora on all AMPARs subunits.

Highlights

Glechoma curviflora (Boiss.) Kuntze (Nepeta curviflora) is a perennial aromatic herb growing in the eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea Basin, which is widely consumed as a tea in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Turkey, and Palestine [7]
Plant Collection and Essential Oil Extraction. e flowers and leaves of the G. curviflora plant were compiled from the Birzeit mountains in Palestine in May 2019. e taxonomical characterization was executed by Dr Nidal Jaradat a pharmacognosist. e dried herbarium was kept at the Herbal Products Laboratory labeled as Pharm-PCT-1633 obtained from the voucher specimen code
A 1 L roundbottom flask containing 50 g of the dried plant powder and 0.5 L of distilled water was positioned in the apparatus and connected to the Clevenger apparatus. e microwave power was adjusted at 800 W and the extraction was executed at 90°C for 20 min, where the same process was triplicated. e attained Essential oils (EOs) was dried using calcium chloride and stored at 2–8°C. e dried plant sample provided

Summary

Introduction

E current research was designed to identify the chemical composition of Glechoma curviflora (Boiss.) essential oil (EO) and to assess its antibacterial, antifungal, and cyclooxygenase inhibitory activities and the biophysical gating effect on AMPA receptors. E current study aims to identify and quantify the chemical components and to evaluate the antimicrobial, cyclooxygenase inhibitory, and neuroprotective effects of G. curviflora EO.

Results

Conclusion