Abstract
This paper presents results of comparative studies of environmental safety of ceramic materials, based on a low-plasticity clay with the introduction of galvanic sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide in 3 different combinations. The experimental samples were manufactured under 15 MPa pressing pressure and at the maximum firing temperature of 1050 oC. Prior to the toxicological experiments, diurnal extracts of the materials into the model neutral and acidic media were obtained. The toxicological safety was determined by using the Daphnia mortality method, and by comparing the maximum permissible concentrations of heavy metals for drinking and household water with the heavy metals? concentrations in diurnal extracts. The presented data show that the combined introduction of all the investigated additives results in the glazing effect of ceramic particles surfaces so that an environmentally safe material can be produced that exhibits sufficiently high-performance properties. The use of low-plastic clay and electroplating sludge expands the raw material base for producing ceramics and allows the disposal of environmentally hazardous compounds of heavy metals contained in electroplating sludge. Ceramic materials based on the developed charge composition can be used for producing items for external cladding for buildings and structures.
Highlights
Technologies for utilization of various waste types in production of construction materials are simple and provide disposal of considerable amounts of waste
We have previously studied the use of various wastes as functional additives for improving the quality and performance properties of construction materials
The research objective was to study the impact of the vitrification effect, obtained during combined introduction of electroplating sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide, on environmental safety of the resulting ceramics aimed for cladding applications
Summary
Technologies for utilization of various waste types in production of construction materials are simple and provide disposal of considerable amounts of waste. In most cases, the use of waste reduces the quality and operational properties of the manufactured materials and products and is associated with the necessity to ensure their environmental safety, since waste components and substances, formed during their disposal, often belong to fourth hazard class substances at best. In this regard, it is required to determine the waste content, ensuring the regulatory requirements compliance for the materials and products performance, but it is necessary to provide the environmental safety assessment. The research objective was to study the impact of the vitrification effect, obtained during combined introduction of electroplating sludge, boric acid and titanium dioxide, on environmental safety of the resulting ceramics aimed for cladding applications
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