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Abstract
PurposeTo ascertain whether the incidence of ocular dicrotic pulse (ODP) increases with age, it is more pronounced in glaucomatous than in normal eyes and whether it is related to cardiovascular activity.Methods261 subjects aged 47 to 78 years were included in the study and classified into four groups: primary open angle glaucoma (POAG), primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG), glaucoma suspects with glaucomatous optic disc appearance (GODA) and the controls (CG). Additionally, in each group, subjects with ODP were divided into two age subgroups around the median age. A non-contact ultrasonic method was used to measure corneal indentation pulse (CIP) synchronically with the acquisition of electrocardiography (ECG) and blood pulse signals. ODP was assessed from the acquired signals that were numerically processed in a custom written program.ResultsODP incidence was about 78%, 66%, 66% and 84% for CG, GODA, POAG, and PACG group, respectively. With advancing age, the ODP incidence increased for all subjects (Δ = 12%), the highest being for the PACG and POAG groups (Δ = 30%). GODA group did not show an age-related increase in the incidence of ODP.ConclusionsThe ocular dicrotism, measured with non-contact ultrasonic method, was found to be a common phenomenon in elderly subjects. The increased ODP incidence in PACG and POAG group may correspond to either higher stiffness of glaucoma eyes, biochemical abnormalities in eye tissues, changes in ocular hemodynamics, may reflect the effect of medications or be a combination of all those factors. The results of GODA group suggest different mechanisms governing their ocular pulse that makes them less susceptible to generating ODP and having decreased predisposition to glaucoma.
Highlights
Aging causes physiological, functional and structural changes in the human eye
Functional and structural changes in the human eye. It is manifested in variations in elasticity of the eye tissues [126], vascular ocular hemodynamics [729] biometric parameters of the eye globe [10], decreased aqueous production [11], as well as an increased latency of saccadic eye movements [12]
For control group (CG), primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) group the ocular dicrotic pulse (ODP) incidence was higher in the older group of subjects (D = 10%, D = 29% and D = 30%, respectively)
Summary
Functional and structural changes in the human eye It is manifested in variations in elasticity of the eye tissues (cornea and sclera) [126], vascular ocular hemodynamics [729] biometric parameters of the eye globe (e.g., smaller anterior chamber volume) [10], decreased aqueous production [11], as well as an increased latency of saccadic eye movements [12]. Majority of these factors are linked to the ocular rigidity phenomenon, which was reported to increase with age [13]. The ocular pulse was found to be highly influenced by heart activity [23227]
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