Abstract
Over recent decades, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based nano- and micro- drug delivery vehicles have been rapidly developed since PLGA was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Common factors that influence PLGA particle properties have been extensively studied by researchers, such as particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), surface morphology, zeta potential, and drug loading efficiency. These properties have all been found to be key factors for determining the drug release kinetics of the drug delivery particles. For drug delivery applications the drug release behavior is a critical property, and PLGA drug delivery systems are still plagued with the issue of burst release when a large portion of the drug is suddenly released from the particle rather than the controlled release the particles are designed for. Other properties of the particles can play a role in the drug release behavior, such as the glass transition temperature (Tg). The Tg, however, is an underreported property of current PLGA based drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the basic knowledge of the glass transition temperature in PLGA particles, the factors that influence the Tg, the effect of Tg on drug release behavior, and presents the recent awareness of the influence of Tg on drug delivery applications.
Highlights
The application of polymeric particles in drug delivery has been rapidly developed in the past several decades [1–9]
Lee et al illustrated that Poly(lacticco-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with molecular weight (MW) of 8000 g/mol has a Tg of 42.17 °C, and as the MW increased to 110,000 gT/mg =ol,Ttgh,∞e−Tg Krose to 52.62 °C [63]
This study demonstrated that when the release medium temperature is lower than the Tg of the nanoparticles, only the drug absorbed on the particle surface led to burst release, wh1i2leoaf t1a9 higher temperature, the entrapped drug would contribute to the burst release [34]
Summary
The application of polymeric particles in drug delivery has been rapidly developed in the past several decades [1–9]. Diverse manufacturing approaches and surface modifications offer opportunities for the polymeric particles to reach the desired organ, tissue, and cells, minimizing the toxicity at other sites [25–27]. All these benefits make polymeric particles a promising drug delivery strategy. Polymers 2022, 14, 993 drug loaded into the particle, processing parameters, and release environment [46]. Tmhmouagrhiemsatnhyerfeavciteowrss etxhiastt influen exploring PLGA’s role as a drug delivery vehicle, none exist that take the glass transition thteemTpg eorfattuhree oPfLthGeApacrotipcloeslyinmtoera,ccboaurnet.pTahritsicrleevsie, wansdumdmruagrielsotahdeefdactpoarsrttihcalteisn.flIuneandcedition, t cotnheneTcgtioofnthoef PgLlaGsAs tcroapnosliytmioenr,obfaPreLpGaArticpleasr,tiacnledsdarnudg ldoraudgedreplaeratiscelebs.ehInavaidodritaioren,discuss inthtercmonsnoefcttihone mofogblaislistytraonfsPitLioGnAof pPaLrGtiAclepsa,rttihcleespahnydsidcraulgagreelienasgeebfefhecatv,ioarnadresudrisf-ace reco figcuusrsaetdioinn.terms of the mobility of PLGA particles, the physical ageing effect, and surface reconfiguration. FiFgiugruere22. .LLiinnkk bbeettwweeeennththe ererlaetleadtepdarpaamreatmeres taenrds tahnedrattheeofradtreugofredlerausge frreolmeaPseLGfrAomcarPriLerGsA[46c]a. rriers [4 ReRperpordoduucceedd wwiitthh ppeerrmmisissisoinonfrofmromXu,XYu. ,etYa.l.etJoaulr.nJaoluorfnBailomofedBiicoaml MedatiecrailalMs Raetseeraiarclhs PRaersteBa:rch Part ApApplpileieddBBiioommaatteerriiaalsl,sp, upbulbislhisehdebdy bJoyhnJoWhnileWy ainledySaonnsd, CSoopnysr,iCghotp2y01r7ig. ht 2017
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