Abstract
Strain rate dependency of glass strength is well known in structural glass design (Mould and Southwick, 1959; Marsh, 1964; Brown, 1972; Mencik, 1992, p.83; Lawn, 1993, p.277) and implemented in standards like DIN 18008-1 (2010), DIN 18008-4 (2013), E DIN EN 16612 (2013) and ASTM E1300-16 (2016). Glass strength tests under soft impact load are presented for different glass build-ups in Schneider (2001, p.183) and monolithic glass in Kuntsche (2015, p.236). Konig (2012) focusses on experimental tension tests of annealed glass specimens under different strain rates with surface condition as delivered.
Highlights
The statistical analysis of terrorist attacks outside war zones shows a long-term rising trend in events and casualty figures
Basic assumption of the following assessment is the validity of Hooke’s law for the investigated soda lime silicate glass with constant and strain-rate independent modulus of elasticity, that is applicable for “small short-term loading at room temperature” (Mencik, 1992). This assumption is supported by strain-rate tensile experiments on soda lime silica glass from König (2011) for the investigated strain rates 2.9 E-05 s 1 for low-speed tests and 2 E-02 s 1 for high-speed tests at HafenCity University (HCU)
The presented work contributes to existing knowledge of glass strength under impact and blast loading by proposing load duration factors kmod up to 1.35 for annealed glass, 1.4 for heat strengthened glass and 1.12 for fully tempered glass
Summary
The statistical analysis of terrorist attacks outside war zones shows a long-term rising trend in events and casualty figures. Factors kmod for impact and blast load design are proposed on the basis of Eurocode regulations with consideration of stress corrosion for annealed glass, heat strengthened glass and fully tempered glass and compared to current standard regulations and other research. Where, ksp is the surface conditions constant, γM,A is the partial safety factor of the material and fg,k is the characteristic bending strength, determined by coaxial double ring or four point bending test according to DIN EN 1288-3 (2000-09) In these tests the stress rate is 2 N/(mm2s). On the basis of a FEA model for high-speed testing, a piston speed plateau of 1,000 mm/s (Fig. 4) was defined, resulting in a stress rate (εx) of 1,400 N/(mm2s) in center zone of specimen (height 4 mm) At this speed level, the surface strain rate is 2 E-02 s 1 (2.9 E-05 s 1 for low-speed tests).
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