Glass laminate aluminum reinforced epoxy under non-proportional multiaxial fatigue loading: Experimental testing and new fatigue apparatus development

Abstract

Predominately, the structures and components in aeronautic, automotive and other important implementations suffer from non-proportional multi-axial fatigue loading. One of the best selected materials to fabricate these structures and components are fiber metal laminates (FML). In this research, fatigue crack-propagation in glass-laminate aluminum reinforced-epoxy (GLARE) specimen under the effect of special case of multi-axial fatigue loading (constant shear with repeated tensile stresses) has been studied analytically, numerically and experimentally. GLARE_2 A 2/1 specimen was fabricated using vacuum assisted resin transfer molding technique after special preparation aluminum surface procedure. New multi-axial fatigue apparatus including mechanical, hydraulic and control systems was manufactured to investigate crack growth experimentally. Analytical model using Paris relation was adopted to predict crack growth through aluminum layers of GLARE specimen. The rate of crack propagation is related to the mixed-mode equivalent stress intensity factor, which is estimated by the superposition for both fiber-bridging and far-field stress intensity factors. The crack opening contour, distribution of fiber-bridging stress, delamination growth and its shape were evaluated in simultaneous manner to find the fiber-bridging stress intensity factor. ABAQUS 2021 software has been used to simulate crack and delamination growth in GLARE specimen with the aforementioned fatigue loading. The extracted results from analytical and numerical models such as crack growth, crack opening, delamination shape and crack angle have been compared with that measured experimentally. The comparison indicates that there is good agreement between the calculated and measured results (with maximum deviation of 8.74% for crack growth).